The Place and Role of Vitamins Today
نویسنده
چکیده
kao “lijekova” nesvrhovita, i sada se joπ smatra racionalnim. Takav se stav o vitaminima polako ali sigurno mijenja. Tako je malo poznato da se rijedak oblik megaloblastiËne anemije praÊene dijabetesom melitusom i gluhoÊom moæe lijeËiti visokim dozama tiamina (engl. thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia; TRMA) (3). Ovaj je tip anemije autosomska recesivna bolest, u kojoj se prema najnovijim literaturnim podacima radi o mutaciji specifiËnog unositelja tiamina iz plazme u stanicu. PosljediËno, u osoba s TRMA æivot stanice je kraÊi, a njezina apoptoza veÊa. Isto tako ohrabruju rezultati nedavno objavljenoga randomiziranog, kontroliranog kliniËkog pokusa u kojem je dokazano da visoke doze riboflavina (400 mg na dan) mogu u bolesnika s napadajima migrene PoËeti prilog klasiËnim definicijama πto su vitamini, kako se dijele i sliËno nije potrebno. Dovoljno je samo da se prisjetimo kako su vitamini organske tvari, koji su u ljudskom organizmu nezamjenjivi bioloπki katalizatori razliËitih biokemijskih reakcija (1). Zato sudjeluju ne samo u metabolizmu ugljikohidrata, masti i bjelanËevina nego i u brojnim procesima, nuænim za normalan staniËni rast, sintezu kolagena, zgruπavanje krvi i joπ mnogima drugim. Ljudski organizam vitamine ne moæe sintetizirati, pa se moraju svakodnevno unositi hranom u dovoljnoj koliËini. U sluËaju unosa nedostatnih koliËina moæe doÊi do razvoja akutnog i kroniËnog deficita pojedinih vitamina ili hipovitaminoza (1, 2). Uvrijeæeno miπljenje kako je osim za lijeËenje hipovitaminoza svaka druga primjena vitamina Saæetak Danas postoje najmanje tri zanimljiva znanstvena podruËja istraæivanja uËinaka vitamina, rezultati kojih se pokuπavaju iskoristiti i u kliniËkoj medicini. To su ispitivanja uËinkovitosti nekih vitamina u oksidacijskom stresu, odnosno u prevenciji kardiovaskularnih bolesti. TreÊe podruËje vaæno za opÊu populaciju odreivanje je dnevnog unosa vitamina i kvalitete prehrane u odnosu na oËuvanje zdravlja. Za suvremenog Ëovjeka ipak su najzanimljiviji antioksidacijski uËinci pojedinih vitamina, koji Êe za opÊu populaciju postati vaæni onog trenutka kada rezultati randomiziranih kliniËkih istraæivanja potvrde pozitivne rezultate baziËnih istraæivanja in vitro i na pokusnim æivotinjama. Usprkos Ëesto kontroverznim podacima epidemioloπkih i kliniËkih studija, shvaÊeno je kako dodatni unos pojedinih vitamina i minerala u dnevnim koliËinama jednakim ili iznad RDAs nije koristan samo za spreËavanje bolesti povezanih s njihovim deficitom nego i za optimalni razvoj i odræavanje fizioloπkih funkcija i/ili prevenciju nekih degenerativnih bolesti. Upravo ta saznanja uzeta su u obzir pri stvaranju novih DRIs vrijednosti, formuliranih od ameriËke udruge FNB, a koje u SAD u Kanadi vrijede od 1999. godine.
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